martes, 25 de marzo de 2008

Mal de Chagas

Enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza.Chagas,Carlos Yustiniano Riveiro(1879-1934)Médico brasileño.Fue director del Istituto Osvaldo Cruz.En 1909 comprobó que un insecto hematófogo,el Triatoma Infestans,que se alimenta sólo de sangre,transmitía al ser humano a través de su deyección coincidente con el momento de la picadura,un parásito Trypanosoma Cruzi,agente casual de la enfermedad que lleva su nombre.Estos hallazgos y demostraciones en un principio,no fueron aceptados por científicos y compatriotas.
Vinchuca:
Especie Argentina transmisora de la enfermedad de Chagas, se denomina,Triatoma Infestans conocida como vinchuca o chiche gaucha.Es ovípora y pone hasta 200 huevos por año.Convive con el ser humano,refugiándose en grietas,techos y muebles,o en los alrededores de las viviendas,en corrales,gallineros o casillas con perros.Se alimenta de sangre tanto de animales domésticos como de seres humanos.Le afecta la luz,deambula de noche para alimentarse;vive 15 meses.Las vinchucas se infectan al alimentarse con sangre de personas que padecen el mal.
Manifestaciones clínicas:Puede desarrollarse pasados los 10 años luego de haberse infectado. Se pruduce una gran hinchazón de los párpados"signo de Romaña". También se puede transmitir por vía transplacentaria o de las tranfuciones sanguíneas.
Epidemiología.
Se distribuye por toda América desde el Sur de los Estados Unidos hasta Argentina mayormente en áreas pobres y rurales de Centro y Sudamérica.
Profilaxis y tratamiento del mal de Chagas-Mazza: Se utilizan drogas como el nifurmitox y el beznidazol.No se cura y tampoco existe una droga espesífica. Son importantes las normas de preveción:.Mantener la higiene en los hogares sobre todo las paredes y techos bien revocados y blanqueados,rosear periodicamente las casas con insecticidas,y reconocer la vinchuca como ventor. Mazza,Salvador(1886-1946)A los 24 años ya había obtenido el título de médico y un año después el de doctor en medicina. Fue profesor de la Universidad de Bs.As y jefe de laboratorio del Hospital de Clínicas.Su verdadera pasión comenzó después de 1925,cuando creó la Misión de Estudios de Patología Argentina(MEPRA). Este realizó estudios de las enfermedades que afectaban a las zonas más pobres de nuestro país.Así cuando le prestaron un vagón de tren,Mazza montó un laboratorio móvil y recorrió el país con él investigando el mal de Chagas.El MEPRA,además de dar a conocer a la enfermedad de Chagas como un problema cotinental,fue el primer lugar nacional donde se fabricó la penicilina,el antibiótico descubierto por Flening. Mazza demostró a los científicos descreídos que el mal era provocado por un parásito de las vinchucas,el Tripanosoma Cruzi. Murió pobre,su esposa vendió todas sus propiedades para poder continuar con las investigaciones,sus medallas y premios fueron rematados para que su viuda pudiera mantenerse. Varios años después de su muerte obtuvo un gran reconocimiento y su nombre se sumó al de Carlos Chagas en la denominación de la enfermedad que hicieron conocer a todo el mundo:El mal de Chagas-Mazza.
publiado por: belén y ariadna

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